forced deportation of Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Polish families from the border area deep into Poland after the Soviet Union refused to accept these families. The operation was carried out in Poland in 1947 with the aim of dispersing ethnic Ukrainians into sparsely populated areas. The event was carried out by the forces of the special task force «Wisla», which consisted of 21,000 Polish soldiers. The Polish communist authorities tried to justify their actions, presenting the operation «Vistula» as an anti-insurgency, carried out with the aim of eliminating departments of the UPA. However, it was mainly the civilian population that was affected.